@article {1155062,
	title = {A bacterial carbohydrate links innate and adaptive responses through Toll-like receptor 2},
	journal = {J Exp Med},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006 Dec 25},
	pages = {2853-63},
	abstract = {Commensalism is critical to a healthy Th1/Th2 cell balance. Polysaccharide A (PSA), which is produced by the intestinal commensal Bacteroides fragilis, activates CD4+ T cells, resulting in a Th1 response correcting the Th2 cell skew of germ-free mice. We identify Toll-like receptors as crucial to the convergence of innate and adaptive responses stimulated by PSA. Optimization of the Th1 cytokine interferon-gamma in PSA-stimulated dendritic cell-CD4+ T cell co-cultures depends on both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and antigen presentation. Synergy between the innate and adaptive responses was also shown when TLR2-/- mice exhibited impaired intraabdominal abscess formation in response to B. fragilis. Commensal bacteria, using molecules like PSA, potentially modulate the Th1/Th2 cell balance and the response to infection by coordinating both the innate and adaptive pathways.},
	keywords = {Animals, B7-2 Antigen, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cell Line, Cytokines, Dendritic Cells, Gene Expression, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Immunity, Innate, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C3H, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Models, Immunological, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Nitric Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Transcription Factor RelA},
	author = {Wang, Qun and McLoughlin, Rachel M and Cobb, Brian A and Charrel-Dennis, Marie and Zaleski, Kathleen J and Golenbock, Douglas and Tzianabos, Arthur O and Kasper, Dennis L}
}
